OncoReview

Drug resistance in breast cancer

Nagesh Madnoorkar — 2024-07-10

Objective: The obstacle of resistance throughout breast cancer treatment leads to failure of therapy and progress in the disease. Current developments in our knowledge of the molecular pathways behind resistance to therapies in breast cancer will be covered in this brief review.

Materials and methods: The presented data in this review is gathered from multiple sources such as clinical observations (information about how patients react to systemic treatments), experimental models (data gathered from in vitro and in vivo drug resistance simulation framework), review of genetic alterations and epigenetic changes that contribute to resistance is done through genomic and epigenetic studies. The drug resistance mechanisms: target mutations, novel signaling pathways, modifications to the tumor microenvironment, emerging biomarkers, genetic and epigenetic modifications (targeted gene mutations, modifications in drug transporter expression, activation of signaling pathways).

Conclusion: Ongoing investigations are essential for identifying successful approaches to combat drug resistance in breast cancer. The process of refinement of combining medicines, development of novel targeted treatments, and research into mechanisms that limit drug transport are among the areas of focus.

An extremely rare case of atypical fibroxanthoma – case report

Natalia Żak — 2024-07-10

The first clinical case of atypical fibroxanthoma was documented in 1958, and to date, approximately 3,000 patients have been described in the literature with this diagnosis. Furthermore, the recurrence rate or potential for metastasis in atypical fibroxanthoma is estimated to be as low as 2%. It is noteworthy that fibroxanthoma most commonly arises in the head and neck region. Therefore, the clinical case presented here of a patient diagnosed with atypical fibroxanthoma on the left earlobe margin, with suspected disease recurrence after approximately one year, is extremely rare, so we believed it is noticeable to report.

Awareness about colorectal cancer among young adults in Poland

Marta Fudalej — 2024-07-11

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness level concerning colorectal cancer epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, and prevention among young people in Poland.

Methods: The knowledge was examined with an anonymous survey between February and March 2021. The data were collected anonymously, and the participation was voluntary. Statistical analysis was performed, and differences were considered significant if the p-value obtained was smaller than the assumed level of significance p ≤0.05.

Results: Respondents were mostly female, living in a city with a population of over 500,000. The results confirmed that education, family/friends’ history of CRC, and a place of residence differentiate knowledge and awareness about CRC.

Conclusion: The study acquired information that might guide educators about knowledge deficits among young people in Poland. The survey results revealed a significant knowledge gap between rural and urban inhabitants as well as between medical and non-medical groups.