OncoReview

Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Olaparib in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Current Literature

Kamil Poboży, Julia Domańska, Paweł Domański — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose of the review: This comprehensive review aims to provide a summary of current research on the utilization of olaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, in the treatment of ovarian cancer. The review aims to highlight the key findings from recent clinical trials and assess the potential of olaparib as a targeted therapy for improving the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.

Recent findings: Ovarian cancer remains a significant global health concern with high mortality rates. While optimal debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are the standard treatments, the recurrence rates remain substantial. The emergence of PARP inhibitors, particularly olaparib, has introduced a novel therapeutic approach that targets the genomic instability and DNA repair mechanisms in cancer cells. Notable clinical trials, such as SOLO1, SOLO2, and PAOLA-1, have demonstrated the effectiveness of olaparib in significantly improving progression-free survival, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency. Additionally, combination therapies involving olaparib, such as those with bevacizumab or entinostat, have shown promising results.

Summary: The utilization of olaparib has brought about a paradigm shift in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Notably, it has shown significant improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency. The exploration of olaparib through various clinical trials and combination therapies continues to provide valuable insights and offer new prospects for ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, the growing understanding of PARP inhibitors holds the potential for further advancements in the prognosis of patients with this formidable condition.

The first line therapy for intermediate/ high risk patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma according to therapeutic program B.10

Jakub Żołnierek — Sat, 19 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of therapeutic options for the first-line systemic treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma under the B.10 drug program effective in Poland as of May 2022 – with a focus on intermediate and high-risk patient populations according to the IMDC. The specific situation created by reimbursement conditions with the exclusion of regimens combined with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and immune checkpoint inhibitors along with the marginalisation of the use of an mTOR inhibitor necessitates a choice between two-drug immunotherapy or an antiangiogenic drug in monotherapy. In this context, choosing the right treatment in the context of specific clinical situations is a challenge.

The role of E2F2 in signaling pathways associated with cancer pathogenesis and potential treatment: A review of current studies

Tue, 18 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Introduction and objective. E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) protein is the transcription factor that plays an important role in tumorigenesis. E2F2 effects the cell cycle, tumor suppressor proteins, and can also be transformed by proteins of small DNA tumor viruses. The objective of the study is to provide a summary of the current knowledge on the neoplastic pathways that involve E2F2.

State of knowledge. Numerous studies have demonstrated a role for E2F2 in various signaling pathways. Certain components of these pathways may serve as potential targets for oncological therapy. E2F2 has been shown to be associated with neoplasms of various locations and histological types (breast, colon, gastric, laryngeal, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers).

Conclusions. Further investigations of E2F2 pathways are warranted for a clearer understanding of neoplastic processes and to identify novel pharmacological treatments.