Rola neurofilamentów lekkich w chorobach układu nerwowego Artykuł przeglądowy
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Opublikowane:
lis 17, 2025
Słowa kluczowe:
neurofilament lekki, biomarkery, neurodegeneracja, stwardnienie rozsiane, choroba Alzheimera, choroba Parkinsona, udar mózgu
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Abstrakt
Neurofilament lekki jest białkiem cytoszkieletu neuronów, którego stężenie w płynach ustrojowych stanowi odzwierciedlenie rozległości uszkodzenia aksonów. Jako czuły, choć nieswoisty biomarker znajduje zastosowanie w stwardnieniu rozsianym, chorobie Alzheimera, chorobie Parkinsona, stwardnieniu zanikowym bocznym oraz udarze mózgu. Oznaczenia we krwi, możliwe dzięki metodom o wysokiej czułości, ułatwiają monitorowanie aktywności choroby, przewidywanie rokowania i ocenę skuteczności leczenia. Celem pracy jest przegląd aktualnych danych i ich implikacji klinicznych.
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Artykuły
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Bibliografia
1. Kwinta R, Marciniak D, Nowak-Kiczmer M et al. Neurofilament lekki w stwardnieniu rozsianym. Pol Przegl Neurolog. 2022; 18(2): 103-9.
2. Coppens S, Lehmann S, Hopley C et al. Neurofilament-Light, a Promising Biomarker: Analytical, Metrological and Clinical Challenges. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(14): 11624.
3. Jung Y, Damoiseaux JS. The potential of blood neurofilament light as a marker of neurodegeneration for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain. 2024; 147(1): 12-25.
4. Shahim P, Norato G, Sinaii N et al. Neurofilaments in Sporadic and Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel). 2024; 15(4): 496.
5. Li Y, Li F, Liu X et al. Association between serum neurofilament light chain levels and sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett. 2023; 812: 137394.
6. Fan Z, Liu X, Liu J et al. Neurofilament Light Chain as a Potential Biomarker in Plasma for Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. J Integr Neurosci. 2023; 22(4): 85.
7. Booth RA, Beriault D, Schneider R et al. Validation and generation of age-specific reference intervals for a new blood neurofilament light chain assay. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2025; 577: 120447.
8. Bar-Or A, Thanei GA, Harp C et al. Blood neurofilament light levels predict non-relapsing progression following anti-CD20 therapy in relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis: findings from the ocrelizumab randomised, double-blind phase 3 clinical trials. EBioMedicine. 2023; 93: 104662.
9. Illán-Gala I, Lleo A, Karydas A et al. Plasma Tau and Neurofilament Light in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Alzheimer Disease. Neurology. 2021; 96(5): e671-83.
10. Tony AA, Kholef EFM, Elgendy DB et al. Neurofilament Light Chain Correlates with Stroke Severity and Clinical Outcome in Acute Cerebrovascular Stroke Patients. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2025; 45(1): 39.
11. Szilasiova J, Mikula P, Rosenberger J et al. Associations between neurofilament light chain levels, disease activity and brain atrophy in progressive multiple sclerosis. Biomedical Papers. 2022; 166(3): 304-11.
12. Abdelhak A, Benkert P, Schaedelin S et al. Neurofilament Light Chain Elevation and Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2023; 80(12): 1317.
13. Kuhle J, Daizadeh N, Benkert P et al. Sustained reduction of serum neurofilament light chain over 7 years by alemtuzumab in early relapsing–remitting MS. Mult Scler. 2022; 28(4): 573-82.
14. Brune S, Høgestøl EA, de Rodez Benavent SA et al. Serum neurofilament light chain concentration predicts disease worsening in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2022; 28(12): 1859-70.
15. Liu N, Sun M, Zhang W et al. Prognostic value of neurofilament light chain in natalizumab therapy for different phases of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2022; 101: 198-203.
16. Rodríguez-Jorge F, Fernández-Velasco JI, Villarrubia N et al. Biomarkers of response to ocrelizumab in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2024; 15: 1480676.
17. Hartung HP, Benedict RHB, Berger T et al. Ocrelizumab in Early-Stage Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology. 2024; 103(12): e210049.
18. Seiberl M, Feige J, Hilpold P et al. Serum Neurofilament Light Chain as Biomarker for Cladribine-Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients in a Real-World Setting. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(4): 4067.
19. Voskuhl R, Kuhle J, Siddarth P et al. Decreased neurofilament light chain levels in estriol-treated multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2022; 9(8): 1316-20.
20. Karikari TK, Benedet AL, Ashton NJ et al. Diagnostic performance and prediction of clinical progression of plasma phospho-tau181 in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Mol Psychiatry. 2021; 26(2): 429-42.
21. Liu S, Huang Z, Zhang L et al. Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain May Be a Biomarker for the Inverse Association Between Cancers and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020; 12: 10.
22. Andersson E, Janelidze S, Lampinen B et al. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light differentially detect neurodegeneration in early Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2020; 95: 143-53.
23. Barker W, Quinonez C, Greig MT et al. Utility of Plasma Neurofilament Light in the 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC). J Alzheimers Dis. 2021; 79(1): 59-70.
24. Frank B, Ally M, Brekke B et al. Plasma p-tau 181 shows stronger network association to Alzheimer’s disease dementia than neurofilament light and total tau. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2022; 18(8): 1523-36.
25. Raket LL, Kühnel L, Schmidt E et al. Utility of plasma neurofilament light and total tau for clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2020; 12(1): e12099.
26. Buhmann C, Magnus T, Choe C. Blood neurofilament light chain in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm. 2023; 130(6): 755-62.
27. Oosterveld LP, Verberk IMW, Majbour NK et al. CSF or Serum Neurofilament Light Added to α-Synuclein Panel Discriminates Parkinson’s From Controls. Mov Disord. 2020; 35(2): 288-95.
28. Aamodt WW, Waligorska T, Shen J et al. Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker for Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease. Mov Disord. 2021; 36(12): 2945-50.
29. Lin CH, Li CH, Yang KC et al. Blood NfL: A biomarker for disease severity and progression in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2019; 93(11): e1104-e1111.
30. Ma LZ, Zhang C, Wang H et al. Serum Neurofilament Dynamics Predicts Cognitive Progression in de novo Parkinson’s Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021; 11(3): 1117-27.
31. Buhmann C, Lezius S, Pötter-Nerger M et al. Age-Adjusted Serum Neurofilament Predicts Cognitive Decline in Parkinson’s Disease (MARK-PD). Mov Disord. 2022; 37(2): 435-6.
32. Niemann L, Lezius S, Maceski A et al. Serum neurofilament is associated with motor function, cognitive decline and subclinical cardiac damage in advanced Parkinson’s disease (MARK-PD). Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021; 90: 44-8.
33. Sun Q, Zhao X, Li S et al. CSF Neurofilament Light Chain Elevation Predicts ALS Severity and Progression. Front Neurol. 2020; 11: 919.
34. Meyer T, Schumann P, Weydt P et al. Neurofilament light-chain response during therapy with antisense oligonucleotide tofersen in SOD1-related ALS: Treatment experience in clinical practice. Muscle Nerve. 2023; 67(6): 515-21.
35. Xu C, Yi T, Qing T et al. Serum neurofilament light chain: a predictive marker for outcomes following mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke. Front Neurol. 2024; 15: 1398826.
36. Gendron TF, Badi MK, Heckman MG et al. Plasma neurofilament light predicts mortality in patients with stroke. Sci Transl Med. 2020; 12(569): eaay1913.
37. Vollmuth C, Fiessler C, Montellano FA et al. Incremental value of serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein as blood-based biomarkers for predicting functional outcome in severe acute ischemic stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2024; 9(3): 751-62.
38. Zhou Z, Zeng J, Yu S et al. Neurofilament light chain and S100B serum levels are associated with disease severity and outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Neurol. 2022; 13: 956043.
2. Coppens S, Lehmann S, Hopley C et al. Neurofilament-Light, a Promising Biomarker: Analytical, Metrological and Clinical Challenges. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(14): 11624.
3. Jung Y, Damoiseaux JS. The potential of blood neurofilament light as a marker of neurodegeneration for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain. 2024; 147(1): 12-25.
4. Shahim P, Norato G, Sinaii N et al. Neurofilaments in Sporadic and Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel). 2024; 15(4): 496.
5. Li Y, Li F, Liu X et al. Association between serum neurofilament light chain levels and sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett. 2023; 812: 137394.
6. Fan Z, Liu X, Liu J et al. Neurofilament Light Chain as a Potential Biomarker in Plasma for Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. J Integr Neurosci. 2023; 22(4): 85.
7. Booth RA, Beriault D, Schneider R et al. Validation and generation of age-specific reference intervals for a new blood neurofilament light chain assay. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2025; 577: 120447.
8. Bar-Or A, Thanei GA, Harp C et al. Blood neurofilament light levels predict non-relapsing progression following anti-CD20 therapy in relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis: findings from the ocrelizumab randomised, double-blind phase 3 clinical trials. EBioMedicine. 2023; 93: 104662.
9. Illán-Gala I, Lleo A, Karydas A et al. Plasma Tau and Neurofilament Light in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Alzheimer Disease. Neurology. 2021; 96(5): e671-83.
10. Tony AA, Kholef EFM, Elgendy DB et al. Neurofilament Light Chain Correlates with Stroke Severity and Clinical Outcome in Acute Cerebrovascular Stroke Patients. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2025; 45(1): 39.
11. Szilasiova J, Mikula P, Rosenberger J et al. Associations between neurofilament light chain levels, disease activity and brain atrophy in progressive multiple sclerosis. Biomedical Papers. 2022; 166(3): 304-11.
12. Abdelhak A, Benkert P, Schaedelin S et al. Neurofilament Light Chain Elevation and Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2023; 80(12): 1317.
13. Kuhle J, Daizadeh N, Benkert P et al. Sustained reduction of serum neurofilament light chain over 7 years by alemtuzumab in early relapsing–remitting MS. Mult Scler. 2022; 28(4): 573-82.
14. Brune S, Høgestøl EA, de Rodez Benavent SA et al. Serum neurofilament light chain concentration predicts disease worsening in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2022; 28(12): 1859-70.
15. Liu N, Sun M, Zhang W et al. Prognostic value of neurofilament light chain in natalizumab therapy for different phases of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2022; 101: 198-203.
16. Rodríguez-Jorge F, Fernández-Velasco JI, Villarrubia N et al. Biomarkers of response to ocrelizumab in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2024; 15: 1480676.
17. Hartung HP, Benedict RHB, Berger T et al. Ocrelizumab in Early-Stage Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology. 2024; 103(12): e210049.
18. Seiberl M, Feige J, Hilpold P et al. Serum Neurofilament Light Chain as Biomarker for Cladribine-Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients in a Real-World Setting. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(4): 4067.
19. Voskuhl R, Kuhle J, Siddarth P et al. Decreased neurofilament light chain levels in estriol-treated multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2022; 9(8): 1316-20.
20. Karikari TK, Benedet AL, Ashton NJ et al. Diagnostic performance and prediction of clinical progression of plasma phospho-tau181 in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Mol Psychiatry. 2021; 26(2): 429-42.
21. Liu S, Huang Z, Zhang L et al. Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain May Be a Biomarker for the Inverse Association Between Cancers and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020; 12: 10.
22. Andersson E, Janelidze S, Lampinen B et al. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light differentially detect neurodegeneration in early Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2020; 95: 143-53.
23. Barker W, Quinonez C, Greig MT et al. Utility of Plasma Neurofilament Light in the 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC). J Alzheimers Dis. 2021; 79(1): 59-70.
24. Frank B, Ally M, Brekke B et al. Plasma p-tau 181 shows stronger network association to Alzheimer’s disease dementia than neurofilament light and total tau. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2022; 18(8): 1523-36.
25. Raket LL, Kühnel L, Schmidt E et al. Utility of plasma neurofilament light and total tau for clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2020; 12(1): e12099.
26. Buhmann C, Magnus T, Choe C. Blood neurofilament light chain in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm. 2023; 130(6): 755-62.
27. Oosterveld LP, Verberk IMW, Majbour NK et al. CSF or Serum Neurofilament Light Added to α-Synuclein Panel Discriminates Parkinson’s From Controls. Mov Disord. 2020; 35(2): 288-95.
28. Aamodt WW, Waligorska T, Shen J et al. Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker for Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease. Mov Disord. 2021; 36(12): 2945-50.
29. Lin CH, Li CH, Yang KC et al. Blood NfL: A biomarker for disease severity and progression in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2019; 93(11): e1104-e1111.
30. Ma LZ, Zhang C, Wang H et al. Serum Neurofilament Dynamics Predicts Cognitive Progression in de novo Parkinson’s Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021; 11(3): 1117-27.
31. Buhmann C, Lezius S, Pötter-Nerger M et al. Age-Adjusted Serum Neurofilament Predicts Cognitive Decline in Parkinson’s Disease (MARK-PD). Mov Disord. 2022; 37(2): 435-6.
32. Niemann L, Lezius S, Maceski A et al. Serum neurofilament is associated with motor function, cognitive decline and subclinical cardiac damage in advanced Parkinson’s disease (MARK-PD). Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021; 90: 44-8.
33. Sun Q, Zhao X, Li S et al. CSF Neurofilament Light Chain Elevation Predicts ALS Severity and Progression. Front Neurol. 2020; 11: 919.
34. Meyer T, Schumann P, Weydt P et al. Neurofilament light-chain response during therapy with antisense oligonucleotide tofersen in SOD1-related ALS: Treatment experience in clinical practice. Muscle Nerve. 2023; 67(6): 515-21.
35. Xu C, Yi T, Qing T et al. Serum neurofilament light chain: a predictive marker for outcomes following mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke. Front Neurol. 2024; 15: 1398826.
36. Gendron TF, Badi MK, Heckman MG et al. Plasma neurofilament light predicts mortality in patients with stroke. Sci Transl Med. 2020; 12(569): eaay1913.
37. Vollmuth C, Fiessler C, Montellano FA et al. Incremental value of serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein as blood-based biomarkers for predicting functional outcome in severe acute ischemic stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2024; 9(3): 751-62.
38. Zhou Z, Zeng J, Yu S et al. Neurofilament light chain and S100B serum levels are associated with disease severity and outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Neurol. 2022; 13: 956043.