Neurological and psychiatric drugs: in search of the overlap Review article
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Published:
Jun 30, 2014
Keywords:
neuropsychiatry, antiepileptic drugs, antidepressants, neuroleptics, anxiolytics
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Abstract
Neurology and psychiatry are linked historically, clinically and pharmacologically. Pointing to the results of pharmaco- clinical studies, case presentations and mechanisms of therapies within the central nervous system (CNS), we present a list of medications that are used in clinical practice somewhat in between neurology and psychiatry. We suggest possible algorithms for tailored therapy in patients with coexisting neurological and psychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss most recent data on potentially new indications for known drugs acting within the CNS.
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Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
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22. Mula M, Pini S, Cassano GB. The role of anticonvulsant drugs in anxiety disorders: a critical review of the evidence. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007; 27: 263-272.
23. Hollander E, Soorya L, Wasserman S et al. Divalproex sodium vs. placebo in the treatment of repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2006; 9: 209-213.
24. Weisler RH, Kalali AH, Ketter TA. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of extended-release carbamazepine capsules as monotherapy for bipolar disorder patients with manic or mixed episodes. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 478-484.
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26. Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N et al. Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder – a randomised study. J Affect Disord 1997; 43: 151-161.
27. Hartong EG, Moleman P, Hoogduin CA et al. Prophylactic efficacy of lithium versus carbamazepine in treatment-naive bipolar patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64: 144-151.
28. Goodwin GM, Bowden CL, Calabrese JR et al. A pooled analysis of 2 placebo controlled 18-month trials of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance in bipolar I disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 432-441.
29. Schindler F, Anghelescu IG. Lithium versus lamotrigine augmentation in treatment of resistant unipolar depression: a randomized, open-label study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2007; 22: 179-182.
30. Large CH, di Daniel E, Li X, George MS. Neural network dysfunction in bipolar depression: clues from efficacy of lamotrygine. Biochemical Society Transactions 2009; 37: 1080-1084.
31. Edwards KR, Sackellares JC, Vuong A et al. Lamotrigine monotherapy
improves depressive symptoms in epilepsy: a double- blind comparison with valproate. Epilepsy Behav 2001; 2(1): 28-36.
32. Tilhonen J, Wahlbeck K, Kiviniemi V. The efficacy of lamotrigine in clozapineresistant schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2009; 109: 10-14.
33. Goff DC, Keefe R, Citrome L et al. Lamotrigine as add-on therapy in schizophrenia: results of 2 placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007; 27: 582-589.
34. Poyurovsky M, Glick I, Koran L. Lamotrigine augmentation in schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients with obsessive– compulsive symptoms. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24: 861-866.
35. Kaufman KR. Antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Epilepsy & Behavior 2001; 21: 1-11.
36. Lance JW, Curran DA. Treatment of chronic tension headache. Lancet 1964; 1: 1236-1239.
37. Couch JR. Amitriptyline Versus Placebo Study Group. Amitriptyline in the prophylactic treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache. Headache 2011; 51: 33-51.
38. Kalita J, Bhoi SK, Misra UK. Amitriptyline vs divalproate in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 128: 65-72.
39. Bendtsen L, Jensen R. Treating tension-type headache – an expert opinion. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2011; 12: 1099-1109.
40. Kertesz A. Frontotemporal dementia: a topical review. Cogn Behav Neurol 2008; 21(3): 127-133.
41. Francis PT, Holmes C, Webster MT et al. Preliminary neurochemical findings in non-Alzheimer dementia due to lobar atrophy. Dementia 1993; 4(3-4): 172-177.
42. Procter AW, Qurne M, Francis PT. Neurochemical features of frontotemporal dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 1999; 10(suppl 1): 80-84.
43. Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N, Ganjavi H et al. Serotonin-1A receptors in frontotemporal dementia compared with controls. Psychiatry Res 2007; 156(3): 247-250.
44. Huey ED, Putnam KT, Grafman J. A systematic review of neurotransmitter deficits and treatments in frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 2006; 66(1): 17-22.
45. Herrmann N, Black SE, Chow T et al. Serotonergic Function and Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Frontotemporal Dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012: 789-797.
46. Deakin JB, Rahman S, Nestor PJ et al. Paroxetine does not improve symptoms and impairs cognition in frontotemporal dementia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 172(4): 400-408.
47. Cirrito JR, Disabato BM, Restivo JL et al. Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108(36): 14968-14973.
48. Sheline YI, Wet T, Yarasheski K et al. An Antidepressant Decreases CSF Aβ Production in Healthy Individuals and in Transgenic AD Mice. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6(236): 236re4 [doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008169].
49. Sultzer DL, Davis SM, Tariot PN et al. CATIE-AD Study Group. Clinical symptom responses to atypical antipsychotic medications in Alzheimer’s disease: phase 1 outcomes from the CATIEAD effectiveness trial. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165(7): 844-854.
50. Rice T, Dobry Y, Wang E et al. Cognitive effects of quetiapine in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies. Psychogeriatrics 2013; 13: 52-57.
51. Marras C, Kopp A, Qiu F et al. Antipsychotic use in older adults with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2007; 22(3): 319-323.
52. Emre M, Ford PJ, Bilgiç B, Uç EY. Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson’s disease: practical issues and management. Mov Disord 2014; 29(5): 663-672.
53. Hubbard D, Havksell U, McFarland K. Behavioral effects of clozapine, pimavanserin, and quetiapine in rodent models of Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s disease psychosis: evaluation of therapeutic ratios. Behav Pharmacol 2013; 24(7): 628-632.
54. Cummings J, Isaacson S, Mills R et al. Pimavanserin for patients with Parkinson’s disease psychosis: a randomised, placebo- controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2014; 383(9916): 533-540.
55. Svetel M, Vojvodić N, Filipović SR et al. Buspirone in the treatment of cerebellar ataxia. Srp Arh Celok Lek 1999; 127: 312-315.
56. Assadi M, Campellone JV, Janson CG et al. Treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia with buspirone. J Neurol Sci 2007; 260(1-2): 143-146.
57. Becker WJ. Cluster headache: conventional pharmacological management. Headache 2013; 53(7): 1191-1196.
58. Perroud B, Jafar-Nejad P, Wikoff WR et al. Pharmacometabolomic signature of ataxia SCA1 mouse model and lithium effects. PLoS One. 2013; 8(8): e70610 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070610].
59. Saute JA, de Castilhos RM, Monte TL et al. A randomized, phase 2 clinical trial of lithium carbonate in Machado-Joseph disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29(4): 568-573.
2. Ovsiew F. Antiepileptic drugs in psychiatry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75: 1655-1661.
3. Sanacora G, Saricicek A. GABAergic contributions to the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanism of antidepressant action. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2007; 6: 127-140.
4. Perucca P, Mula M. Antiepileptic drug effects on mood and behavior: Molecular targets. Epilepsy & Behavior 2013; 26: 440-449.
5. Altamura CA, Mauri MC, Ferrara A et al. Plasma and platelet excitatory amino acids in psychiatric disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1731-1733.
6. Mauri MC, Ferrara A, Boscati L et al. Plasma and platelet amino acid concentrations in patients affected by major depression and under fluvoxamine treatment. Neuropsychobiology 1998; 37: 124-129.
7. Naylor GJ, McNamee HB, Moody JP. Changes in erythrocyte sodium and potassium on recovery from a depressive illness. Br J Psychiatry 1971; 118: 219-223.
8. El-Mallakh RS, Huff MO. Mood stabilizers and ion regulation. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2001; 9: 23-32.
9. Bhat S, Dao DT, Terrillion CE et al. TD. CACNA1C (Ca(v)1.2) in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disease. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99: 1-14.
10. Schloss P, Williams DC. The serotonin transporter: a primary target for antidepressant drugs. J Psychopharmacol 1998; 12: 115-121.
11. Loscher W, Honack D. Valproate and its major metabolite E-2-en-valproate induce different effects on behaviour and brain monoamine metabolism in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 299: 61-67.
12. Diehl DJ, Gershon S. The role of dopamine in mood disorders. Compr Psychiatry 1992; 33: 115-120.
13. Brown AS, Gershon S. Dopamine and depression. J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1993; 91: 75-109.
14. Rogawski MA, Loscher W. The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of nonepileptic conditions. Nat Med 2004;10: 685-692.
15. Savica R, Beghi E, Mazzaglia G et al. Prescribing patterns of antiepileptic drugs in Italy: a nationwide population-based study in the years 2000-2005. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14: 1317-1321.
16. Bauer MS, Mitchner L. What is a “mood stabilizer”? An evidence- based response. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161(1): 3-18.
17. Koszewska I. Rozwój koncepcji stanu mieszanego w chorobach \afektywnych w ujęciu historycznym. Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii 2006; 15(2): 93-98.
18. Bowden CL, Brugger AM, Swann AC et al. Efficacy of divalproex vs. lithium and placebo in the treatment of mania. J Am Med Assoc 1994; 271(12): 918-924.
19. Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 481-489.
20. Muzina DJ, El-Sayegh S, Calabrese JR. Antiepileptic drugs in psychiatry – focus on randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy Res 2002; 50(1-2): 195-202.
21. McElroy SL, Bowden CL, Collins MA et al. Relationship of open acute mania treatment to blinded maintenance outcome in bipolar I disorder. J Affect Disord 2008; 107: 127-133.
22. Mula M, Pini S, Cassano GB. The role of anticonvulsant drugs in anxiety disorders: a critical review of the evidence. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007; 27: 263-272.
23. Hollander E, Soorya L, Wasserman S et al. Divalproex sodium vs. placebo in the treatment of repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2006; 9: 209-213.
24. Weisler RH, Kalali AH, Ketter TA. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of extended-release carbamazepine capsules as monotherapy for bipolar disorder patients with manic or mixed episodes. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 478-484.
25. Weisler RH, Keck Jr PE, Swann AC et al. Extendedrelease carbamazepine capsules as monotherapy for acute mania in bipolar disorder: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: 323-330.
26. Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N et al. Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder – a randomised study. J Affect Disord 1997; 43: 151-161.
27. Hartong EG, Moleman P, Hoogduin CA et al. Prophylactic efficacy of lithium versus carbamazepine in treatment-naive bipolar patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64: 144-151.
28. Goodwin GM, Bowden CL, Calabrese JR et al. A pooled analysis of 2 placebo controlled 18-month trials of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance in bipolar I disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 432-441.
29. Schindler F, Anghelescu IG. Lithium versus lamotrigine augmentation in treatment of resistant unipolar depression: a randomized, open-label study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2007; 22: 179-182.
30. Large CH, di Daniel E, Li X, George MS. Neural network dysfunction in bipolar depression: clues from efficacy of lamotrygine. Biochemical Society Transactions 2009; 37: 1080-1084.
31. Edwards KR, Sackellares JC, Vuong A et al. Lamotrigine monotherapy
improves depressive symptoms in epilepsy: a double- blind comparison with valproate. Epilepsy Behav 2001; 2(1): 28-36.
32. Tilhonen J, Wahlbeck K, Kiviniemi V. The efficacy of lamotrigine in clozapineresistant schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2009; 109: 10-14.
33. Goff DC, Keefe R, Citrome L et al. Lamotrigine as add-on therapy in schizophrenia: results of 2 placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007; 27: 582-589.
34. Poyurovsky M, Glick I, Koran L. Lamotrigine augmentation in schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients with obsessive– compulsive symptoms. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24: 861-866.
35. Kaufman KR. Antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Epilepsy & Behavior 2001; 21: 1-11.
36. Lance JW, Curran DA. Treatment of chronic tension headache. Lancet 1964; 1: 1236-1239.
37. Couch JR. Amitriptyline Versus Placebo Study Group. Amitriptyline in the prophylactic treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache. Headache 2011; 51: 33-51.
38. Kalita J, Bhoi SK, Misra UK. Amitriptyline vs divalproate in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 128: 65-72.
39. Bendtsen L, Jensen R. Treating tension-type headache – an expert opinion. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2011; 12: 1099-1109.
40. Kertesz A. Frontotemporal dementia: a topical review. Cogn Behav Neurol 2008; 21(3): 127-133.
41. Francis PT, Holmes C, Webster MT et al. Preliminary neurochemical findings in non-Alzheimer dementia due to lobar atrophy. Dementia 1993; 4(3-4): 172-177.
42. Procter AW, Qurne M, Francis PT. Neurochemical features of frontotemporal dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 1999; 10(suppl 1): 80-84.
43. Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N, Ganjavi H et al. Serotonin-1A receptors in frontotemporal dementia compared with controls. Psychiatry Res 2007; 156(3): 247-250.
44. Huey ED, Putnam KT, Grafman J. A systematic review of neurotransmitter deficits and treatments in frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 2006; 66(1): 17-22.
45. Herrmann N, Black SE, Chow T et al. Serotonergic Function and Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Frontotemporal Dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012: 789-797.
46. Deakin JB, Rahman S, Nestor PJ et al. Paroxetine does not improve symptoms and impairs cognition in frontotemporal dementia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 172(4): 400-408.
47. Cirrito JR, Disabato BM, Restivo JL et al. Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108(36): 14968-14973.
48. Sheline YI, Wet T, Yarasheski K et al. An Antidepressant Decreases CSF Aβ Production in Healthy Individuals and in Transgenic AD Mice. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6(236): 236re4 [doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008169].
49. Sultzer DL, Davis SM, Tariot PN et al. CATIE-AD Study Group. Clinical symptom responses to atypical antipsychotic medications in Alzheimer’s disease: phase 1 outcomes from the CATIEAD effectiveness trial. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165(7): 844-854.
50. Rice T, Dobry Y, Wang E et al. Cognitive effects of quetiapine in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies. Psychogeriatrics 2013; 13: 52-57.
51. Marras C, Kopp A, Qiu F et al. Antipsychotic use in older adults with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2007; 22(3): 319-323.
52. Emre M, Ford PJ, Bilgiç B, Uç EY. Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson’s disease: practical issues and management. Mov Disord 2014; 29(5): 663-672.
53. Hubbard D, Havksell U, McFarland K. Behavioral effects of clozapine, pimavanserin, and quetiapine in rodent models of Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s disease psychosis: evaluation of therapeutic ratios. Behav Pharmacol 2013; 24(7): 628-632.
54. Cummings J, Isaacson S, Mills R et al. Pimavanserin for patients with Parkinson’s disease psychosis: a randomised, placebo- controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2014; 383(9916): 533-540.
55. Svetel M, Vojvodić N, Filipović SR et al. Buspirone in the treatment of cerebellar ataxia. Srp Arh Celok Lek 1999; 127: 312-315.
56. Assadi M, Campellone JV, Janson CG et al. Treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia with buspirone. J Neurol Sci 2007; 260(1-2): 143-146.
57. Becker WJ. Cluster headache: conventional pharmacological management. Headache 2013; 53(7): 1191-1196.
58. Perroud B, Jafar-Nejad P, Wikoff WR et al. Pharmacometabolomic signature of ataxia SCA1 mouse model and lithium effects. PLoS One. 2013; 8(8): e70610 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070610].
59. Saute JA, de Castilhos RM, Monte TL et al. A randomized, phase 2 clinical trial of lithium carbonate in Machado-Joseph disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29(4): 568-573.