Dear Readers,

we are pleased to present you with the latest issue of our journal, which covers a wide range of topics. The first paper, authored by professor Anna Jamroz-Wiśniewska and professor Anna Matysik-Woźniak of the Medical University of Lublin, takes the form of a conversation between a neurologist and an ophthalmologist. The authors address the most frequently asked questions in it, regarding the ocular symptoms of multiple sclerosis, their diagnosis and significance in the context of the latest diagnostic criteria for the disease.

A similar format is adopted in another paper prepared by authors from the Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze: Jacek Zostawa, MD, PhD, professor Monika Adamczyk-Sowa and professor Piotr Bryniarski. The discussion between a neurologist and urology specialists, referring to the 2025 guidelines of the European Association of Urology in the field of neurourology, focuses on current principles of diagnostics, pharmacological and interventional treatment as well as prevention of infections and injuries to the upper urinary tract.

Important insight into the role of sex hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, in modulating the activity of multiple sclerosis at various stages of life, including during pregnancy and menopause, is provided in an interview involving Iwona Rościszewska-Żukowska, MD, PhD, from the University of Rzeszów, and professor Marek Ruchała of the Medical University of Poznań. The experts also discuss hormonal disorders (particularly thyroid dysfunction, irregular menstruation and hyperprolactinemia), which may influence the progression of multiple sclerosis.

The final paper in this issue of “MS Report” concerns the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies currently available in clinical practice, which have had widespread use in the treatment of multiple sclerosis over the recent years. Kamila Żur-Wyrozumska, MD, PhD, from the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, and Robert Bonek, MD, PhD, from the Public Multispecialist Facility of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Bydgoszcz, have joined forces to prepare a review of the mechanism of action, clinical impact and immune response generated by representatives of that class of drugs.

We hope that all the articles we have selected will prove a valuable addition to your knowledge and meet your needs in your daily practice.

prof. dr hab. n. med. Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
dr n. med. Agnieszka Piechal