Diagnosis and treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy
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Published:
Mar 31, 2017
Keywords:
central serous chorioretinopathy, central retionopathy, neurosensory retinal detachment
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Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC, CSCR) may lead to visual impairment, mostly in men between 20–55 years of age. It presents as a typical serous neurosensory retinal detachment and accumulation of subretinal fluid in the centre of the macula. Type A personality, high-stress occupations and corticosteroid therapy have been associated with CSC prevalence. Fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography or indocyanine green angiography have been used for diagnosis. Central serous chorioretinopathy is typically a self-limited disease, but about 20% of the cases may be affected by the persistent form of CSC. Central serous chorioretinopathy is successfully treated with laser therapy or anti-VEGF inhibitors. Oral therapies offer a very promising approach, but further prospective randomized trials are required to provide more data.
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1.
Partyka I. Diagnosis and treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthatherapy [Internet]. 2017Mar.31 [cited 2024May4];4(1):15-3. Available from: https://www.journalsmededu.pl/index.php/ophthatherapy/article/view/554
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References
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8. Gomolin JE. Choroidal neovascularization and central serous chorioretinopathy. Can J Ophthalmol. 1989; 24(1): 20-3.
9. Hua R, Yao K, Xia F et al. The hyper-fluorescent transitional bands in ultra-late phase of indocyanine green angiography in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Lasers Surg Med. 2016; 48(3): 260-3.
10. Chen SJ, Lee AF, Lee FL et al. Indocyanine green angiography of central serous chorioretinopathy. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1999; 62(9): 605-13.
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13. Nielsen JS, Jampol LM. Oral mifepristone for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina. 2011; 31(9): 1928-36.
14. Khan MS, Sameen M, Lodhi AA et al. Effect of half adult dose of oral Rifampicin (300 mg) in patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2016; 32(5): 1158-63.
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16. Kurup SK, Oliver A, Emanuelli A et al. Low-dose methotrexate for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a retrospective analysis. Retina. 2012; 32(10): 2096-101.
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21. Naseripour M, Falavarjani KG, Sedaghat A et al. Half-dose Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2016; 11(1): 66-9.
22. Breukink MB, Mohr JK, Ossewaarde-van Norel A et al. Half-dose photodynamic therapy followed by diode micropulse laser therapy as treatment for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: evaluation of a prospective treatment protocol. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016; 94(2): 187-97.
23. Özmert E, Demirel S, Yanık Ö et al. Low-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy versus Subthreshold Micropulse Yellow Wavelength Laser in the Treatment of Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. J Ophthalmol. 2016; 2016: 3513794.
24. Tekin K, Sekeroglu MA, Cankaya AB et al. Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab in the Treatment of Acute Central Serous Chorioretihopathy: A Single Center Retrospective Study. Semin Ophthalmol. 2016; Nov 14: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2016.1228985
25. Pitcher JD 3rd, Witkin AJ, DeCroos FC, Ho AC. A prospective pilot study of intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: the CONTAIN study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015; 99(6): 848-52.
26. Bae SH, Heo J, Kim C et al. Low-fluence photodynamic therapy versus ranibizumab for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: one-year results of a randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121(2): 558-65.
2. Islam QU, Hanif MK, Tareen S. Frequency of Systemic Risk Factors in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016; 26(8): 692-5.
3. Nudleman E, Witmer MT, Kiss S et al. Central serous chorioretinopathy in patients receiving exogenous testosterone therapy. Retina. 2014; 34(10): 2128-32.
4. Carvalho-Recchia CA, Yannuzzi LA, Negrao S et al. Corticosteroids and central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2002; 109(10): 1834-7.
5. Casella AM, Berbel RF, Bressanim GL et al. Helicobacter pylori as a potential target for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012; 67(9): 1047-52.
6. Liew G, Quin G, Gillies M et al. Central serous chorioretinopathy: a review of epidemiology and pathophysiology. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2013; 41(2): 201-14.
7. Zavoloka O, Bezditko P, Lahorzhevska I et al. Clinical efficiency of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the treatment of patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016; 254(9): 1737-42.
8. Gomolin JE. Choroidal neovascularization and central serous chorioretinopathy. Can J Ophthalmol. 1989; 24(1): 20-3.
9. Hua R, Yao K, Xia F et al. The hyper-fluorescent transitional bands in ultra-late phase of indocyanine green angiography in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Lasers Surg Med. 2016; 48(3): 260-3.
10. Chen SJ, Lee AF, Lee FL et al. Indocyanine green angiography of central serous chorioretinopathy. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1999; 62(9): 605-13.
11. Brandl C, Helbig H, Gamulescu MA. Choroidal thickness measurements during central serous chorioretinopathy treatment. Int Ophthalmol. 2014; 34(1): 7-13.
12. Tatham A, Macfarlane A. The use of propranolol to treat central serous chorioretinopathy: an evaluation by serial OCT. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2006; 22(2): 145-9.
13. Nielsen JS, Jampol LM. Oral mifepristone for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina. 2011; 31(9): 1928-36.
14. Khan MS, Sameen M, Lodhi AA et al. Effect of half adult dose of oral Rifampicin (300 mg) in patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2016; 32(5): 1158-63.
15. Shulman S, Goldenberg D, Schwartz R et al. Oral Rifampin treatment for longstanding chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016; 254(1): 15-22.
16. Kurup SK, Oliver A, Emanuelli A et al. Low-dose methotrexate for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a retrospective analysis. Retina. 2012; 32(10): 2096-101.
17. Cakir B, Fischer F, Ehlken C et al. Clinical experience with eplerenone to treat chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016; 254(11): 2151-7.
18. Pichi F, Carrai P, Ciardella A et al.; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Study Group. Comparison of two mineralcorticosteroids receptor antagonists for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. Int Ophthalmol. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10792-016-0377-2.
19. Robertson DM, Ilstrup D. Direct, indirect, and sham laser photocoagulation in the management of central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983; 95(4): 457-66.
20. Watzke RC, Burton TC, Woolson RF. Direct and indirect laser photocoagulation of central serous choroidopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1979; 88(5): 914-8.
21. Naseripour M, Falavarjani KG, Sedaghat A et al. Half-dose Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2016; 11(1): 66-9.
22. Breukink MB, Mohr JK, Ossewaarde-van Norel A et al. Half-dose photodynamic therapy followed by diode micropulse laser therapy as treatment for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: evaluation of a prospective treatment protocol. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016; 94(2): 187-97.
23. Özmert E, Demirel S, Yanık Ö et al. Low-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy versus Subthreshold Micropulse Yellow Wavelength Laser in the Treatment of Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. J Ophthalmol. 2016; 2016: 3513794.
24. Tekin K, Sekeroglu MA, Cankaya AB et al. Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab in the Treatment of Acute Central Serous Chorioretihopathy: A Single Center Retrospective Study. Semin Ophthalmol. 2016; Nov 14: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2016.1228985
25. Pitcher JD 3rd, Witkin AJ, DeCroos FC, Ho AC. A prospective pilot study of intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: the CONTAIN study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015; 99(6): 848-52.
26. Bae SH, Heo J, Kim C et al. Low-fluence photodynamic therapy versus ranibizumab for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: one-year results of a randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121(2): 558-65.