Physiological changes within the ocular surface in the 40+ patients
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Abstract
Age-related changes of the ocular surface and corneal tissue lead to alterations of the tear fi lm, decreased vision and greater discomfort. Th e age-related changes aff ect most of the elements of the ocular surface system. Tear production decreases, infl ammation and fi brosis of the lacrimal ducts are more frequently observed. Keratinisation of meibomian glands occurs, as the composition of meibum is altered. Th e number of corneal nerves decreases, the level of sex hormones diminishes, and the immune system ages. Th e major age-related changes are summarized in the article.
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