Iron deficiency anemia – diagnosis and treatment Review article
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Published:
Dec 31, 2017
Keywords:
anemia, iron deficiency, diagnosis of iron deficiency, iron deficiency treatment
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Abstract
Anemia affects approximately one third of human population. The major cause is iron deficiency. Spectrum of iron deficiency symptoms covers broad range of complaints from fatigue, cold intolerance, pallor to pagophagia and beeturia. In case of iron deficiency a priority should be given to the identification of the underlying cause. Blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract or due to menorrhagia is the most common cause in resource-rich countries. Iron studies are required to confirm the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Oral iron remains the first line therapy. Intravenous administration is suggested in case of intolerable side effects or ineffectiveness of oral therapy. Currently available intravenous iron formulations are characterized by acceptable safety profile. The review presents recent data regarding diagnosis and therapy of iron deficiency anemia.
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Hryszko, T. (2017). Iron deficiency anemia – diagnosis and treatment. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 10(4(37), 315-321. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.MF.0417.3
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References
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16. Chertow G.M., Mason P.D., Vaage-Nilsen O. et al.: Update on adverse drug events associated with parenteral iron. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2006; 21: 378-382.
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18. Auerbach M., Chaudhry M., Goldman H. et al.: Value of methylprednisolone in prevention of the arthralgia-myalgia syndrome associated with the total dose infusion of iron dextran: a double blind randomized trial. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1998; 131: 257-260.
19. Camaschella C.: Iron-deficiency anemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015; 372: 1832-1843.
20. Fishbane S., Ungureanu V.D., Maesaka J.K. et al.: The safety of intravenous iron dextran in hemodialysis patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1996; 28: 529-534.
21. DeLoughery T.G.: Iron Deficiency Anemia. Med. Clin. North Am. 2017; 101: 319-332.
2. West A.R., Oates P.S.: Mechanisms of heme iron absorption: current questions and controversies. World J. Gastroenterol. 2008; 14: 4101-4110.
3. Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J. et al.: Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. Science 2004; 306: 2090-2093.
4. Kassebaum N.J., Jasrasaria R., Naghavi M. et al.: A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010. Blood 2014; 123: 615-624.
5. Goddard A.F., James M.W., McIntyre A.S. et al.: Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut 2011; 60: 1309-1316.
6. Shashiraj, Faridi M.M., Singh O. et al.: Mother’s iron status, breastmilk iron and lactoferrin – are they related? Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006; 60: 903-908.
7. Verdon F., Burnand B., Stubi C.L.F. et al.: Iron supplementation for unexplained fatigue in non-anaemic women: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2003; 326: 1124.
8. Brigham D., Beard J.: Iron and thermoregulation: a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 1996; 36: 747-763.
9. Rector W.G.: Pica: its frequency and significance in patients with iron-deficiency anemia due to chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 1989; 4: 512-513.
10. Sotos J.G.: Beeturia and iron absorption. Lancet 1999; 354: 1032.
11. Allen R.P., Auerbach S., Bahrain H. et al.: The prevalence and impact of restless legs syndrome on patients with iron deficiency anemia. Am. J. Hematol. 2013; 88: 261-264.
12. Mast A.E., Blinder M.A., Gronowski A.M. et al.: Clinical utility of the soluble transferrin receptor and comparison with serum ferritin in several populations. Clin. Chem. 1998; 44: 45-51.
13. Stoffel N.U., Cercamondi C.I., Brittenham G. et al.: Iron absorption from oral iron supplements given on consecutive versus alternate days and as single morning doses versus twice-daily split dosing in iron-depleted women: two open-label, randomised controlled trials. Lancet Haematol. 2017; 4: e524-e533.
14. Kruske S.G., Ruben A.R., Brewster D.R.: An iron treatment trial in an aboriginal community: improving non-adherence. J. Paediatr. Child Health 1999; 35: 153-158.
15. Auerbach M., Adamson J.W.: How we diagnose and treat iron deficiency anemia. Am. J. Hematol. 2016; 91: 31-38.
16. Chertow G.M., Mason P.D., Vaage-Nilsen O. et al.: Update on adverse drug events associated with parenteral iron. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2006; 21: 378-382.
17. Pineda A.A., Taswell H.F.: Transfusion reactions associated with anti-IgA antibodies: report of four cases and review of the literature. Transfusion 1975; 15: 10-15.
18. Auerbach M., Chaudhry M., Goldman H. et al.: Value of methylprednisolone in prevention of the arthralgia-myalgia syndrome associated with the total dose infusion of iron dextran: a double blind randomized trial. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1998; 131: 257-260.
19. Camaschella C.: Iron-deficiency anemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015; 372: 1832-1843.
20. Fishbane S., Ungureanu V.D., Maesaka J.K. et al.: The safety of intravenous iron dextran in hemodialysis patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1996; 28: 529-534.
21. DeLoughery T.G.: Iron Deficiency Anemia. Med. Clin. North Am. 2017; 101: 319-332.