Zofenopril – a unique angiotensin convertase inhibitor? Review article
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Published:
Mar 31, 2013
Keywords:
zofenopril, endothelium, hypertension, myocardial infarction
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Abstract
Zofenopril is a lipophilic sulfhydryl group-containing ACE inhibitor. Drug very easily penetrates to tissues where it is deesterified to the active inhibitor zofenoprilat. It was shown that zofenopril in comparison with other ACE inhibitors is characterized with high, tissue ACE-inhibitory activity. Beneficial effect is especially prolonged in heart and vascular bed. Drug improves endothelial function, posses anti-inflammatory action, increases local NO production and reduces metabolic and hemodynamic effects of heart muscle ischemia. Effectiveness of zofenopril was confirmed in studies in patients with arterial hypertension and in those with myocardial infarction complicated and not complicated with heart failure.
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Lewandowski , J. (2013). Zofenopril – a unique angiotensin convertase inhibitor?. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 6(1(18), 23-28. Retrieved from https://www.journalsmededu.pl/index.php/jebm/article/view/2424
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References
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16. Cominacini L., Pasini A., Garbin U. et al.: Zofenopril inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells by reducing reactive oxygen species. Am. J. Hypertens. 2002; 15: 891-895.
17. Napoli C., Sica V., de Nigris F. et al.: Sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition induces sustained reduction of systemic oxidative stress and improves the nitric oxide pathway in patients with essential hypertension. Am. Heart J. 2004; 148(1): e5.
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20. Brogelli L., Parenti A., Capaccioli S. et al.: The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor zofenoprilat prevents endothelial cell apoptosis and promotes coronary angiogenesis “in vitro”. FASEB J. 1999; 13: A528.
21. Sargent C.A., Sleph P.G., Dzwonczyk S. et al.: Cardioprotection in ischemic rat hearts with the SH-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril: Possible involvement of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1993; 265: 609-618.
22. Dyrla W., Wsół A., Kuch M.: Czy kwas acetylosalicylowy rzeczywiście obniża skuteczność inhibitorów ACE po zawale serca? Medycyna Faktów 2012; 2(15): 12-18.
23. Ambrosioni E., Borghi C., Magnani B.: The Effect of the Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor Zofenopril on Mortality and Morbidity after Anterior Myocardial Infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 332: 80-85.
24. Borghi C., Ambrosioni E.: Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation-2 Working Party. Double-blind comparison between zofenopril and lisinopril in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation-2 (SMILE-2) study. Am. Heart J. 2003; 145(1): 80-87.
25. Borghi C., Ambrosioni E.: Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation Study Group. Effects of zofenopril on myocardial ischemia in post-myocardial infarction patients with preserved left ventricular function: the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation (SMILE)-ISCHEMIA study. Am. Heart J. 2007; 153(3): 445.e7-14.
2. Cushman D.W., Wang F.L., Fung W.C. et al.: Comparisons “in vitro”, “ex vivo”, and “in vivo” of the actions of seven structurally diverse inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1989; 28: 115S-131S.
3. Cushman D.W., Wang F.L., Fung W.C. et al.: Differentiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors by their selective inhibition of ACE in physiologically important target organs. Am. J. Hypert. 1989; 2: 294-306.
4. Grover G.J., Sleph P.G., Dzwonczyk S. et al.: Effects of different angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on ischemic isolated rat hearts: Relationship between cardiac ACE inhibitor and cardioprotection. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1991; 257: 919-929.
5. Subissi A., Evangelista S., Giachetti A.: Preclinical Profile of Zofenopril: An Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor with Peculiar Cardioprotective Properties. Cardiovasc. Drug. Rev. 1999; 17(2): 115-133.
6. DeForrest J.M., Waldron T.L., Krapcho J. et al.: Preclinical pharmacology of zofenopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1989; 13: 887-894.
7. Mitchell G.F., Pfeffer M.A., Finn P.V., Pfeffer J.M.: Equipotent antihypertensive agents variously affect pulsatile hemodynamics and regression of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circulation 1996; 94: 2923-2929.
8. Farsang C.: Blood pressure control and response rates with zofenopril compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients. Blood Press. Suppl. 2007; 2: 19-24.
9. Narkiewicz K.: Comparison of home and office blood pressure in hypertensive patients treated with zofenopril or losartan. Blood Press. Suppl. 2007; 2: 7-12.
10. Mallion J.M.: An evaluation of the initial and long-term antihypertensive efficacy of zofenopril compared with enalapril in mild to moderate hypertension. Blood Press. Suppl. 2007; 2: 13-18.
11. Borghi C., Cicero A.F.: Fixed combination of zofenopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in the management of hypertension: a review of available data. Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 2006; 2(4): 341-9.
12. Brilla C.G.: Regression of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease: diverse effects of various antihypertensive drugs. Cardiovasc. Res. 2000; 46(2): 324-31.
13. van Gilst W.H., de Graeff P.A., de Leeue M.J. et al.: Converting enzyme inhibitors and the role of the sulfhydryl group in the potentiation of exoand endogenous nitrovasodilatators. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1991; 18: 429-436.
14. van Gilst W.H., Scholtens E., de Graeff P.A. et al.: Differential influences of angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors on the coronary circulation. Circulation 1988; 77(Suppl. 1): 24-29.
15. Liu X., Engelman R.M., Ronson J.A. et al.: Attenuation of myocardial reperfusion injury by sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 1992; 6: 437-443.
16. Cominacini L., Pasini A., Garbin U. et al.: Zofenopril inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells by reducing reactive oxygen species. Am. J. Hypertens. 2002; 15: 891-895.
17. Napoli C., Sica V., de Nigris F. et al.: Sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition induces sustained reduction of systemic oxidative stress and improves the nitric oxide pathway in patients with essential hypertension. Am. Heart J. 2004; 148(1): e5.
18. Grover G.J., Sleph P.G., Dzwonczyk S. et al.: Effects of different angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on ischemic isolated rat hearts: Relationship between cardiac ACE inhibitor and cardioprotection. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1991; 257: 919-929.
19. Ferrari R., Cargnoni S., Curello C. et al.: Protection of the ischemic myocardium by the converting-enzyme inhibitor zofenopril: Insight into its mechanism of action. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1992; 20: 694-704.
20. Brogelli L., Parenti A., Capaccioli S. et al.: The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor zofenoprilat prevents endothelial cell apoptosis and promotes coronary angiogenesis “in vitro”. FASEB J. 1999; 13: A528.
21. Sargent C.A., Sleph P.G., Dzwonczyk S. et al.: Cardioprotection in ischemic rat hearts with the SH-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril: Possible involvement of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1993; 265: 609-618.
22. Dyrla W., Wsół A., Kuch M.: Czy kwas acetylosalicylowy rzeczywiście obniża skuteczność inhibitorów ACE po zawale serca? Medycyna Faktów 2012; 2(15): 12-18.
23. Ambrosioni E., Borghi C., Magnani B.: The Effect of the Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor Zofenopril on Mortality and Morbidity after Anterior Myocardial Infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 332: 80-85.
24. Borghi C., Ambrosioni E.: Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation-2 Working Party. Double-blind comparison between zofenopril and lisinopril in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation-2 (SMILE-2) study. Am. Heart J. 2003; 145(1): 80-87.
25. Borghi C., Ambrosioni E.: Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation Study Group. Effects of zofenopril on myocardial ischemia in post-myocardial infarction patients with preserved left ventricular function: the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation (SMILE)-ISCHEMIA study. Am. Heart J. 2007; 153(3): 445.e7-14.