Ketoprofen spray – maximal therapeutic effectiveness defined by tissue penetration and treatment tolerability Review article
Main Article Content
Abstract
Acute soft tissue injuries, such as grade I and II ankle sprains, are among the most common causes of musculoskeletal pain encountered by primary care physicians and orthopedic specialists. Effective treatment should provide rapid relief of pain and swelling while enabling an early return to full function, with a high level of safety. Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with proven analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Topical administration allows a high concentration of the drug to be delivered directly to the site of injury, thereby minimizing the risk of systemic adverse effects. Clinical studies indicate that topical ketoprofen leads to effective reduction of pain and swelling in acute soft tissue injuries. An important factor influencing therapeutic effectiveness is the drug formulation. The spray formulation enables improved penetration of ketoprofen into inflamed tissues. Clinical studies in patients with ankle sprains have demonstrated faster and greater reductions in pain and swelling, as well as a significant improvement in function, compared with orally administered ketoprofen. Topical ketoprofen is characterized by good tolerability and a low risk of adverse effects typically associated with oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ketoprofen in spray form represents a rational therapeutic option in the management of acute soft tissue injuries and can be effectively used in outpatient settings.
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