A patient with an allergy at the chemist’s. How can you properly identify their needs and select a treatment that will be effective? Case report
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Abstract
This publication provides concise information for pharmacists as part of their pharmaceutical advice: on how to tailor anti-allergy medicines to the profile of patients with allergies, particularly allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and urticaria.
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Samoliński, B., Walkiewicz, A., Kłak, A., Borowicz, J., Tomaszewska, A., & Samoliński, K. (2026). A patient with an allergy at the chemist’s. How can you properly identify their needs and select a treatment that will be effective?. Alergoprofil. Retrieved from https://www.journalsmededu.pl/index.php/alergoprofil/article/view/3509
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Copyright: ? Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
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2. Samoliński B, Arcimowicz M. Polskie Standardy Leczenia Nieżytów Nosa (PoSLeNN). Alergologia Polska. 2013; S1.
3. Raciborski F, Bousquet J, Bousqet J et al. Dissociating polysensitization and multimorbidity in children and adults from a Polish general population cohort. Clin Transl Allergy. 2019; 11(9): 4.
4. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 108: 141-334.
5. Zymetria, Alergia U&A, 07/2022, N=1055 użytkownicy leków na alergię.
6. Aplikacja mobilna Allertec Effect. https://www.allertec.pl/aplikacja.
7. Hurst M, Spencer CM. Ebastine: an update of its use in allergic disorders. Drugs. 2000; 59(4): 981-1006.
8. Slater JW, Zechnich AD, Haxby DG. Second-generation antihistamines: a comparative review. Drugs. 1999; 57(1): 31-47.
9. Van Cauwenberge P, De Belder T, Sys L. A review of the second-generation antihistamine ebastine for the treatment of allergic disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004; 5(8): 1807-13.
10. Hansen J, Klimek L, Hörmann K. Pharmacological management of allergic rhinitis in the elderly: safety issues with oral antihistamines. Drugs Aging. 2005; 22(4): 289-96.
11. Singh Randhawa A, Mohd Noor N, Md Daud MK et al. Efficacy and Safety of Bilastine in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2022; 12: 731201.
12. Trailokya A, Roy S. Bilastine – Novel anti histamine drug for allergic rhinitis. IP Indian Journal of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine. 2022; 7(1): 6-10.
13. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Allegra.
14. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Allertec Effect.
15. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Claritine Allergy.
16. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Xyzal.
17. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Hitaxa Fast.
18. Kuna P, Jurkiewicz D, Czarnecka-Operacz MM et al. The role and choice criteria of antihistamines in allergy management - expert opinion. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2016; 33(6): 397-410.
19. Rapiejko P. 13 powodów, dla których warto stosować bilastynę. Alergoprofil. 2024: 20(1): 8-14.
20. Paśko P, Rodacki T, Domagała-Rodacka R et al. Second generation H1 – antihistamines interaction with food and alcohol-A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 93: 27-39.
21. Simons FE, Simons KJ. Levocetirizine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children age 6 to 11 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116(2): 355-61.
22. Bachert C, Kuna P, Sanquer F et al.; Bilastine International Working Group. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of bilastine 20 mg vs desloratadine 5 mg in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients. Allergy. 2009; 64(1): 158-65.
23. Schäfer T, Schnoor M, Wagenmann M et al. Therapeutic Index (TIX) for intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. 2011; 49: 272-80.
24. Zitta M, Kosoglou T, Hubbell J. Mometasone furoate nasal spray: A review of safety and systemic effects. Drug Saf. 2007; 30: 317-26.
25. Ratner PH, Meltzer EO, Teper A. Mometasone fruoate nasal spray is safe and effective for 1-year treatment of children with perennal allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolayngol. 2009; 73: 651-7.
26. Sousa-Pinto B, Savouré M, Vieira RJ. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Classes in MASK-air Users. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2025; 35(5): 373-83.
27. Brożek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 140(4): 950-8.
28. Scadding G, Walker S. Poor asthma control? - then look up the nose. The importance of co-morbid rhinitis in patients with asthma. Prim Care Respir J. 2012; 21(2): 222-8.
29. Boulay ME, Morin A, Laprise C et al. Asthma and rhinitis: what is the relationship? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 12(5): 449-54.
30. Ginaasthma.org.
31. Baraniuk JN, Merck SJ. Nasal reflexes: implications for exercise, breathing, and sex. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2008; 8(2): 147-53.
32. Braunstahl G. United airways concept: what does it teach us about systemic inflammation in airways disease? Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009; 6(8): 652-4.
33. Clathworthy J, Price D, Ryan D et al. The value of self-report assessment of adherence, rhinitis and smoking in relation to asthma control. Prim Care Respir J. 2009; 18: 300-5.
34. Torres MI, Gil-Mata G, Bognanni A. Intranasal Versus Oral Treatments for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2024; 12: 3404-18.
35. Berdy GJ, Spangler DL, Bensch G et al. A comparison of the relative efficacy and clinical performance of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and ketotifen fumarate 0.025% ophthalmic solution in the conjunctival antigen challenge model. Clin Ther. 2000; 22(7): 826-33.
36. Krungkraipetch L, Tansavadi T, Krungkraipetch D. Ranking the efficacy of topical treatments for ocular allergy: A network meta-analysis of current evidence. Ocul Surf. 2025; 37: 273-82.
37. Kam KW, Chen LJ, Wat N et al. Topical Olopatadine in the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017; 25(5): 663-77.
38. Gonzalez-Estrada A, Reddy K, Dimov V et al. Olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2017; 18(11): 1137-43.
39. Podder I, Dhabal A, Chakraborty SS. Efficacy and Safety of Up-dosed Second-generation Antihistamines in Uncontrolled Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2023; 16(3): 44-50.
40. Shapiro GG, P König. Cromolyn sodium: a review. Pharmacotherapy. 1985; 5(3): 156-70.
41. Kari O, Saari KM. Diagnostics and new developments in the treatment of ocular allergies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012; 12(3): 232-9.
42. Pacharn P, Vichyanond P. Immunomodulators for conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 13(5): 550-7.
43. Mancel E, Drouet M, Sabbah A. Membrane stabilizers (chromones and ketotifen). Allerg Immunol (Paris). 1999; 31(4): 103-5.
44. Agrawal VK, Patel S, Petare AU et al. Improving the Quality of Life in the Management of Allergic Rhinitis: New Perspective on Cetirizine. J Assoc Physicians India. 2022; 70(6): 11-2.
45. Miranda M, Veloso C, Brown M et al. Topical bioequivalence: Experimental and regulatory considerations following formulation complexity. Int J Pharm. 2022; 620: 121705.
46. Quivelli AF, Rossi FV, Alario C et al. Green Solvents for Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Dimethindene: A Forward-Looking Approach Molecules. 2022; 27(21): 7594.
47. Bival ŠM. Astragalus membranaceus, Nigella sativa, and Perilla frutescens as Immunomodulators-Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Effectiveness in Allergic Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024; 46(8): 9016-32.
48. Jafarinia M, Sadat Hosseini M, Kasiri N et al. Quercetin with the potential effect on allergic diseases. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2020; 16: 36.
49. Lai YR, Liao YH, Huang L et al. Clinical Effects of Polyphenolic Compounds on Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2025; 13(9): 2475-91.e16.
50. Pellow J, Nolte A, Temane A et al. Health supplements for allergic rhinitis: A mixed-methods systematic review. Complement Ther Med. 2020; 51: 102425.
2. Samoliński B, Arcimowicz M. Polskie Standardy Leczenia Nieżytów Nosa (PoSLeNN). Alergologia Polska. 2013; S1.
3. Raciborski F, Bousquet J, Bousqet J et al. Dissociating polysensitization and multimorbidity in children and adults from a Polish general population cohort. Clin Transl Allergy. 2019; 11(9): 4.
4. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001; 108: 141-334.
5. Zymetria, Alergia U&A, 07/2022, N=1055 użytkownicy leków na alergię.
6. Aplikacja mobilna Allertec Effect. https://www.allertec.pl/aplikacja.
7. Hurst M, Spencer CM. Ebastine: an update of its use in allergic disorders. Drugs. 2000; 59(4): 981-1006.
8. Slater JW, Zechnich AD, Haxby DG. Second-generation antihistamines: a comparative review. Drugs. 1999; 57(1): 31-47.
9. Van Cauwenberge P, De Belder T, Sys L. A review of the second-generation antihistamine ebastine for the treatment of allergic disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004; 5(8): 1807-13.
10. Hansen J, Klimek L, Hörmann K. Pharmacological management of allergic rhinitis in the elderly: safety issues with oral antihistamines. Drugs Aging. 2005; 22(4): 289-96.
11. Singh Randhawa A, Mohd Noor N, Md Daud MK et al. Efficacy and Safety of Bilastine in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2022; 12: 731201.
12. Trailokya A, Roy S. Bilastine – Novel anti histamine drug for allergic rhinitis. IP Indian Journal of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine. 2022; 7(1): 6-10.
13. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Allegra.
14. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Allertec Effect.
15. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Claritine Allergy.
16. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Xyzal.
17. Charakterystyka Produktu Leczniczego. Hitaxa Fast.
18. Kuna P, Jurkiewicz D, Czarnecka-Operacz MM et al. The role and choice criteria of antihistamines in allergy management - expert opinion. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2016; 33(6): 397-410.
19. Rapiejko P. 13 powodów, dla których warto stosować bilastynę. Alergoprofil. 2024: 20(1): 8-14.
20. Paśko P, Rodacki T, Domagała-Rodacka R et al. Second generation H1 – antihistamines interaction with food and alcohol-A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 93: 27-39.
21. Simons FE, Simons KJ. Levocetirizine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children age 6 to 11 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116(2): 355-61.
22. Bachert C, Kuna P, Sanquer F et al.; Bilastine International Working Group. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of bilastine 20 mg vs desloratadine 5 mg in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients. Allergy. 2009; 64(1): 158-65.
23. Schäfer T, Schnoor M, Wagenmann M et al. Therapeutic Index (TIX) for intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Rhinology. 2011; 49: 272-80.
24. Zitta M, Kosoglou T, Hubbell J. Mometasone furoate nasal spray: A review of safety and systemic effects. Drug Saf. 2007; 30: 317-26.
25. Ratner PH, Meltzer EO, Teper A. Mometasone fruoate nasal spray is safe and effective for 1-year treatment of children with perennal allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolayngol. 2009; 73: 651-7.
26. Sousa-Pinto B, Savouré M, Vieira RJ. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Classes in MASK-air Users. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2025; 35(5): 373-83.
27. Brożek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 140(4): 950-8.
28. Scadding G, Walker S. Poor asthma control? - then look up the nose. The importance of co-morbid rhinitis in patients with asthma. Prim Care Respir J. 2012; 21(2): 222-8.
29. Boulay ME, Morin A, Laprise C et al. Asthma and rhinitis: what is the relationship? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 12(5): 449-54.
30. Ginaasthma.org.
31. Baraniuk JN, Merck SJ. Nasal reflexes: implications for exercise, breathing, and sex. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2008; 8(2): 147-53.
32. Braunstahl G. United airways concept: what does it teach us about systemic inflammation in airways disease? Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009; 6(8): 652-4.
33. Clathworthy J, Price D, Ryan D et al. The value of self-report assessment of adherence, rhinitis and smoking in relation to asthma control. Prim Care Respir J. 2009; 18: 300-5.
34. Torres MI, Gil-Mata G, Bognanni A. Intranasal Versus Oral Treatments for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2024; 12: 3404-18.
35. Berdy GJ, Spangler DL, Bensch G et al. A comparison of the relative efficacy and clinical performance of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and ketotifen fumarate 0.025% ophthalmic solution in the conjunctival antigen challenge model. Clin Ther. 2000; 22(7): 826-33.
36. Krungkraipetch L, Tansavadi T, Krungkraipetch D. Ranking the efficacy of topical treatments for ocular allergy: A network meta-analysis of current evidence. Ocul Surf. 2025; 37: 273-82.
37. Kam KW, Chen LJ, Wat N et al. Topical Olopatadine in the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017; 25(5): 663-77.
38. Gonzalez-Estrada A, Reddy K, Dimov V et al. Olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2017; 18(11): 1137-43.
39. Podder I, Dhabal A, Chakraborty SS. Efficacy and Safety of Up-dosed Second-generation Antihistamines in Uncontrolled Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2023; 16(3): 44-50.
40. Shapiro GG, P König. Cromolyn sodium: a review. Pharmacotherapy. 1985; 5(3): 156-70.
41. Kari O, Saari KM. Diagnostics and new developments in the treatment of ocular allergies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012; 12(3): 232-9.
42. Pacharn P, Vichyanond P. Immunomodulators for conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 13(5): 550-7.
43. Mancel E, Drouet M, Sabbah A. Membrane stabilizers (chromones and ketotifen). Allerg Immunol (Paris). 1999; 31(4): 103-5.
44. Agrawal VK, Patel S, Petare AU et al. Improving the Quality of Life in the Management of Allergic Rhinitis: New Perspective on Cetirizine. J Assoc Physicians India. 2022; 70(6): 11-2.
45. Miranda M, Veloso C, Brown M et al. Topical bioequivalence: Experimental and regulatory considerations following formulation complexity. Int J Pharm. 2022; 620: 121705.
46. Quivelli AF, Rossi FV, Alario C et al. Green Solvents for Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Dimethindene: A Forward-Looking Approach Molecules. 2022; 27(21): 7594.
47. Bival ŠM. Astragalus membranaceus, Nigella sativa, and Perilla frutescens as Immunomodulators-Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Effectiveness in Allergic Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024; 46(8): 9016-32.
48. Jafarinia M, Sadat Hosseini M, Kasiri N et al. Quercetin with the potential effect on allergic diseases. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2020; 16: 36.
49. Lai YR, Liao YH, Huang L et al. Clinical Effects of Polyphenolic Compounds on Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2025; 13(9): 2475-91.e16.
50. Pellow J, Nolte A, Temane A et al. Health supplements for allergic rhinitis: A mixed-methods systematic review. Complement Ther Med. 2020; 51: 102425.