How to treat complicated hypertension today? Review article
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Published:
Dec 31, 2007
Keywords:
hypertension, renal failure, heart failure, ischemic heart disease
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Abstract
This chapter is based on ESC/ESH experts’ opinion on treatment of hypertensive patients with coexisting diseases. Therapy of coronary artery disease, heart failure, diabetes and its complications or stroke are discussed according to the result of last studies and randomized trials.
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Łoń , I., Kuch-Wocial, A., & Maciejewska , M. (2007). How to treat complicated hypertension today?. Cardiology in Practice, 1(4), 172-178. Retrieved from https://www.journalsmededu.pl/index.php/kwp/article/view/1700
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
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References
1. Guidelines Commitee: 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension The Task Force for Menagement of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Journal of Hypertension 2007, 25:1105-1187.
2. PROGRESS Collaborative Study Group: Randomized trial of perindopril based blood pressure-lowering regimen among 6108 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001, 358:1033-1041.
3. Arima H., Chalmers J., Woodward M. et al., PROGRESS Collaborative Group: Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke, the PROGRESS trial. J. Hypertens. 2006, 24:1201-1208.
4. Schrader J., Luders S., Kulschewski A. et al.: Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke. Eprosartan compared with Nitrendypine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomised controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005, 36:1218-1226.
5. Trenkwalder P., Elmfeldt D., Hofman A. et al.: The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE) - major cardiovascular events and stroke in subgroups of patients. Blood Press 2005, 14:31-37.
6. Hansson L., Zanchetti A., Carruthers S.G. et al.: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 1998, 351:1755-1762.
7. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes. UKPDS38. BMJ 1998, 317:703-713.
8. Schrier R.W., Estacio R.O., Esler A. et al.: Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and stroke. Kidney Int. 2002, 61:1086-1097.
9. Segura J., Ruilope L.M., Zanchetti A.: On the importance of estimating renal function for cardiovascular risk assessment. J. Hypertens. 2004, 22:1635-1639.
10. Levey A.S., Greene T., Beck G.J. et al.: Dietary protein restriction and the progression of chronic renal disease: what have all of the results of the MDRD study shown? Modification of diet in renal disease study group. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1999, 10:2426-2439.
11. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study investigators: Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICROHOPE substudy. Lancet 2000, 355:253-259.
12. Brenner B.M., Cooper M.E., de Zeeuw D. et al., RENAAL Study Investigators: Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001, 345:861-869.
13. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy. The GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia). Lancet 1997, 349:1857-1863.
14. Mann J.F., Gerstein H.C., Yi Q.L. et al. HOPE Investigators: Progression of renal insufficiency in type 2 diabetes with and without microalbuminuria: results of the Heart Outcomes and Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) randomized study. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2003, 42:936-942.
15. Ruggenenti P., Fassi A., Ilieva A.P. et al., Nephrologic Diabetes Complications Trial (BENEDICT) Investigators: Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 351:1941-1951.
16. Mogensen C.E., Viberti G., Halimi S. et al., (PREMIER) Study Group: Effect of lowdose perindopril/indapamide on albuminuria in diabetes: Preterax in albuminuria regression: PREMIER. Hypertension 2003, 41:1063-1071.
17. Nakao N., Yoshimura A., Morita H. et al.: Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in nondiabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003, 361:117-124.
18. MacKinnon M., Shurraw S., Akbari A. et al.: Combination therapy with an angiotensin receptor blocker and an ACE inhibitor in proteinuric renal disease: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety data. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2006, 48: 8-20.
19. Julius S., Nesbitt S.D., Egan B.M. et al., Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Investigators: Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N. Engl. J. Med, 2006: 354: 1685-1697.
20. Stanowisko American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research oraz Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention. Hypertension (wydanie polskie) 2007, 3:260-290.
21. Pepine C.J., Kowey P.R., Kupfer S. et al., INVEST Investigators: Predictors of adverse outcome among patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006, 47:547-551.
22. Nissen S.E., Tuzcu E.M., Libby P., et al., CAMELOTT Investigators: Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: the CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004, 292:2217-2226.
23. Berl T., Hunsicker L.G., Lewis J.B. et al.: Impact of achiebved blood pressure on cardiovascular outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005, 16:2170-2179.
24. The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002, 288:2981-2997.
25. Shekelle P.G., Rich MW, Morton SC, et al.: Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status: a meta-analysis of major clinical trials. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003, 41:1529-1538.
26. Pfeffer M.A., McMurray J.J., Velazquez E.J. et al., Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Investigators: Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003, 349:1893-1896.
27. Freemantle N., Cleland J., Young P. et al.: Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. Br. Med. Journal 1999, 318:1730-1737.
28. Madrid A.H., Bueno M.G., Rebollo J.M. et al.: Use of irbesartan to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with longlasting persistent atrial fibrillation: a prospective and randomized study. Circulation 2002, 106:331-336.
29. Fogari R., Mugellini A., Destro M. et al.: Losartan and prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence in hypertensive patients. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2006, 47:46-50.
2. PROGRESS Collaborative Study Group: Randomized trial of perindopril based blood pressure-lowering regimen among 6108 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001, 358:1033-1041.
3. Arima H., Chalmers J., Woodward M. et al., PROGRESS Collaborative Group: Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke, the PROGRESS trial. J. Hypertens. 2006, 24:1201-1208.
4. Schrader J., Luders S., Kulschewski A. et al.: Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke. Eprosartan compared with Nitrendypine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomised controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005, 36:1218-1226.
5. Trenkwalder P., Elmfeldt D., Hofman A. et al.: The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE) - major cardiovascular events and stroke in subgroups of patients. Blood Press 2005, 14:31-37.
6. Hansson L., Zanchetti A., Carruthers S.G. et al.: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 1998, 351:1755-1762.
7. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes. UKPDS38. BMJ 1998, 317:703-713.
8. Schrier R.W., Estacio R.O., Esler A. et al.: Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and stroke. Kidney Int. 2002, 61:1086-1097.
9. Segura J., Ruilope L.M., Zanchetti A.: On the importance of estimating renal function for cardiovascular risk assessment. J. Hypertens. 2004, 22:1635-1639.
10. Levey A.S., Greene T., Beck G.J. et al.: Dietary protein restriction and the progression of chronic renal disease: what have all of the results of the MDRD study shown? Modification of diet in renal disease study group. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1999, 10:2426-2439.
11. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study investigators: Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICROHOPE substudy. Lancet 2000, 355:253-259.
12. Brenner B.M., Cooper M.E., de Zeeuw D. et al., RENAAL Study Investigators: Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001, 345:861-869.
13. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy. The GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia). Lancet 1997, 349:1857-1863.
14. Mann J.F., Gerstein H.C., Yi Q.L. et al. HOPE Investigators: Progression of renal insufficiency in type 2 diabetes with and without microalbuminuria: results of the Heart Outcomes and Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) randomized study. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2003, 42:936-942.
15. Ruggenenti P., Fassi A., Ilieva A.P. et al., Nephrologic Diabetes Complications Trial (BENEDICT) Investigators: Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 351:1941-1951.
16. Mogensen C.E., Viberti G., Halimi S. et al., (PREMIER) Study Group: Effect of lowdose perindopril/indapamide on albuminuria in diabetes: Preterax in albuminuria regression: PREMIER. Hypertension 2003, 41:1063-1071.
17. Nakao N., Yoshimura A., Morita H. et al.: Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in nondiabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003, 361:117-124.
18. MacKinnon M., Shurraw S., Akbari A. et al.: Combination therapy with an angiotensin receptor blocker and an ACE inhibitor in proteinuric renal disease: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety data. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2006, 48: 8-20.
19. Julius S., Nesbitt S.D., Egan B.M. et al., Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Investigators: Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N. Engl. J. Med, 2006: 354: 1685-1697.
20. Stanowisko American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research oraz Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention. Hypertension (wydanie polskie) 2007, 3:260-290.
21. Pepine C.J., Kowey P.R., Kupfer S. et al., INVEST Investigators: Predictors of adverse outcome among patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006, 47:547-551.
22. Nissen S.E., Tuzcu E.M., Libby P., et al., CAMELOTT Investigators: Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: the CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004, 292:2217-2226.
23. Berl T., Hunsicker L.G., Lewis J.B. et al.: Impact of achiebved blood pressure on cardiovascular outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005, 16:2170-2179.
24. The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002, 288:2981-2997.
25. Shekelle P.G., Rich MW, Morton SC, et al.: Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status: a meta-analysis of major clinical trials. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003, 41:1529-1538.
26. Pfeffer M.A., McMurray J.J., Velazquez E.J. et al., Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Investigators: Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003, 349:1893-1896.
27. Freemantle N., Cleland J., Young P. et al.: Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. Br. Med. Journal 1999, 318:1730-1737.
28. Madrid A.H., Bueno M.G., Rebollo J.M. et al.: Use of irbesartan to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with longlasting persistent atrial fibrillation: a prospective and randomized study. Circulation 2002, 106:331-336.
29. Fogari R., Mugellini A., Destro M. et al.: Losartan and prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence in hypertensive patients. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2006, 47:46-50.